Pantry Perfect

The "Can't Go Wrong" Pantry Design Rules

Jon Lo, MFA, Senior Designer

Some Good Pantry Tips

"On high shelves, store boxes on their sides so their labels can be more easily read through the shelf mesh from below."

Lillian Muller of Rogers, AR

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"Install a blackboard on the inside of your pantry door to jot down the things you need. Before you leave for the market, snap a photo with your cell phone. Instant, super easy, grocery list."

Amy, Christy and Terry at Eleven Magnolia Lane.

What is a Butler's Pantry?

Since 1900 the meaning of the word "pantry" has changed. Today it means a place where food is stored, and usually refers to one or more cabinets or a closet adjacent to the kitchen.

In the late Victorian age the room where food was stored was the "larder". The pantry was a serving area located between the kitchen and dining room. Often it was not much more than a wide hallway equipped with ample countertop space and, commonly, a sink.

Typically the butler would fetch the cooked food from the kitchen, divide it into serving portions, arrange it on dishware, then serve it.

The pantry usually had swinging doors at both ends which helped keep kitchen noise, heat and odors away from the diners. With the simplification of house design that occurred during the Arts & Crafts period of the early 20th century, the butler's pantry was largely eliminated and replaced with built-in cabinetry inside the dining room for storing dinnerware, linens, glassware and silverware — all the things formerly stored in the pantry. Improvements in cooking technology, such as the natural gas or electric cookstove made isolation of the kitchen from the dining area much less important to dining comfort. Still, heat from the kitchen remained a potential problem, so a single swinging door was usually retained to keep the noise and heat at bay.

Today the tendency is to call any walk-through or walk-in pantry a "butler's" pantry, but this term is not strictly correct unless it includes a counter-height set-up and serving area, and possibly a small sink. In a modern household, the serving area makes a convenient landing zone for loading groceries into the pantries — at least until you finally get around to hiring a butler.

Some Pantry Terminology

Buttery:

Has nothing whatsoever to do with butter. It is an old English term for a room (or more likely a shed) where food was stored in large barrels called "butts", hence "buttery".

Dish Pantry:

Typically a cabinet or closet just off the kitchen or in the dining room where dishes and serving ware are stored.

Larder:

A small, room or tall cabinet for storing food. Used primarily in Britain to mean pantry. Archaic: a well-ventilated room for storing perishable items. The more modern term is "cold pantry". Read more about cold pantries below.

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Every kitchen needs a pantry — a notion that has not always been thought to be true. During the post-war building boom, pantries fell out of favor. Architects thought that the new built-in cabinetry and the convenience of local supermarkets had made pantries unnecessary in the modern kitchen.

They were wrong.

According to a recent National Association of Home Builders survey, a kitchen pantry was the kitchen feature most wanted by buyers in the market for a new home. Whatever the size of your kitchen, it should include a convenient place to store groceries, and this critical storage requires careful thought and planning.

If you own a home built before 1945, you are fortunate enough to have a pantry of some sort. Before the era of microwave meals and pre-processed cuisine, a well-stocked pantry was required for good domestic management. That so many pantries are being designed in period style is more than a nostalgic nod to the ever-practical pantries of by-gone years.

A pantry should be large enough to hold at least a week's worth or groceries, and close enough to the food preparation area to be easily accessed. While size does matter, simplicity, organization and the right location are usually more important than size alone. A well-designed small pantry will usually provide better, more convenient and more functional storage than a poorly designed large pantry. Convenience, accessibility and visibility are the key attributes of a great pantry.

Convenience, Viewability, and Accessibility

A pantry is

• Convenient, if it is located at or near the area where food is prepared, not necessarily in the kitchen, but if not, then in an adjacent area;
• Viewable, if everything in the pantry can be seen at a glance; and
• Accessible, if everything in the pantry can be easily reached and removed without moving anything else out of the way.

The Iron Rules of Storage

Creating a great pantry requires closely adhering to the three Iron Rules of Storage. If the rules are followed, any storage is almost always convenient and easy to use.

Here are the Iron rules:

1. Store items near where they are first used.

2. Size storage to the things being stored.

3. Store items in a single layer with no item hidden behind or beneath another.

The rules apply to any storage, but particularly to kitchen storage, and even more particularly to pantry storage.

A pantry should be located close to where the items in the pantry are first used. This is usually the food preparation area. If the kitchen has a baking area, then a separate baking pantry should be located near the baking center unless the main pantry can be placed between the two work centers, and do double duty.

If storage is sized to the things being stored, it is easier to implement Rule 3, and little space is wasted. Shelves should be just deep enough to store one row of items, and high enough so that the items just fit. There should be no wasted space. Shelves should be adjustable so as storage requirements change the shelf heights can be changed.

The goal to strive for in pantry design is "at a glance visibility". Everything stored should be immediately visible. It should not be necessary to move something out of the way in order to see what's behind or beneath it. There should never be anything behind or underneath anything else. Obviously, this is an ideal that few pantries actually achieve, but the closer the pantry design is to this ideal, the more useful and convenient the pantry will be.

The Basic Pantries

Pantries come in three basic configurations: reach-in, pull-out, and walk-in. All have advantages and drawbacks.

The reach-in pantry is the usually the most convenient, the pull-out pantry the least convenient, but a boon to small kitchens with no wall space to spare. The walk-in pantry holds the most, but since it is often removed from centers of kitchen activity, it is best used as a remote, second pantry.

A kitchen can have two, even three pan­tries. We commonly design kitchens for large families or make-everything-from-scratch cooks to include a near pantry that holds small quantities of supplies most often used, and one or more remote pantries that hold bulk supplies and large quantities.

The near pantry is re-supplied from the remote pantry periodically as consumables are used up. This can be a multi-step process as the middle pantry is restocked every month or so from the cold room or very remote pantry in the basement, and the near pantry is restocked weekly from the middle pantry.

Reach-in Pantries

The ideal reach-in pantry is shallow. Deep pantries hold more, but all the stuff in the back is not immediately visible and not easy to reach. The maximum practical depth of a fixed pantry shelf is 16" (14" is better). If you happen to have more depth, the temptation is great to build deeper shelves on the theory that while you may not use the back few inches for primary storage, it does not hurt to have it for stuff you don't use as often. Right?.

No, absolutely wrong! Inevitably things you use often get pushed to the back as you add other things, so you end up with stuff you cannot find or get to without moving the things in front of the items you need. This violates Rule 3 of the Iron Rules of Storage:

"3. Store items in a single layer with no item hidden behind or beneath another."

Anything deeper than 16" requires a roll-out tray or a pull-out pantry. For cans and bottles, even 16" is too deep. Eight inches is the more useful maximum.

The ideal overall depth of a reach-in pantry with shelves is between 22" and 24". This allows 14" to 16" storage shelves inside the pantry, and 7" to 8" of can and bottle storage built into the door. All shelves should be adjustable.

The best reach-in configuration we have found is the "batwing" pantry. Besides being the ultimate in storage convenience, it is relatively inexpensive to build.

With the doors fully open everything in a batwing pantry is displayed in a panorama and easily reached. It does not require extensive pull-out hardware, which, because it must be able to hold a lot of weight, needs to be heavy-duty and can be costly. But, it does require extra hinges to hold the weight of the door without sagging. On a full height pantry we typically use four heavy hinges on each door. These will easily hold the weight of the door and the 150 lbs. of cans and bottles stored in the door. (It will also hold the weight of a 5-year-old swinging on the door — something we found out quite by accident.)

If the pantry shelves are more than 16" deep, then it is better to convert them to trays mounted on glides so they can be pulled out. Roll-out trays have the advantage of making everything in the pantry accessible, even the stuff at the vary back of the tray. But, above eye-level, it is difficult to see what's on the tray. For this reason, roll-out trays are usually fitted with lazy susans above eye-level. A lazy susan turntable brings anything at the back of the pantry to the front where it can be seen at the flick of the wrist. The trade off is, however, that a round turntable stores only about 2/3rds the content of a rectangular shelf.

Roll-out trays require full-extension, heavy duty glides, and these are fairly expensive. You always have to open both pantry doors to to get the clearance required to roll the trays out. And, typically the trays are not adjustable, although there is hardware available that provides limited height adjustment.

Pull-out Pantry Units

A pullout pantry is a reach-in pantry turned on end and inserted into a cabinet. A door panel is attached to the front. The pantry operates like a very large drawer. If it is accessible and viewable from both sides, it can be as much as 24" wide. If accessible from just one side, the 16" depth limit applies.

A pull-out pantry is not as convenient to use as a bat-wing-style reach-in pantry. In order to get to the items stored, you must first extend the pantry, then push it back into place when you are done. It is generally more expensive to build per square foot of storage because it requires elaborate, heavy duty hardware. But in small kitchens where space is at a premium, it may be the only pantry solution that provides anything like enough storage space.

Like roll-out trays, a pull-out unit is not practical for anything above eye level. The individual shelves inside the pull-out can be made adjustable, which greatly increases the flexibility of the pantry. It is important to use gliding hardware that prevents the pantry from being slammed. This may dislodge items in the pantry which can jam the mechanism.

Walk-In, Walk-through Pantries

A walk-in pantry is usually a small room, essentially a closet for storing food, separate from but adjacent to the kitchen, called a "larder" back in the day.

For many homeowners a walk-in is the dream pantry that calls up visions of canning garden vegetables and making preserves. But, it is not as useful as you might think.

A walk-in is great for storing large quantities of foodstuffs, especially items in bulk packaging, but because it is usually remotely located, it can be inconvenient to use for daily food storage. For that reason many kitchens with walk-in pantries also include a smaller, more convenient pantry inside the kitchen that is re stocked periodically from the larder.

The walk-through pantry is a little different. Where the main purpose of a walk-in pantry is storage, the primary purpose of a walk-through pantry is getting from one place to another. It is first a hall-way or passage, and only secondarily a storage place. In designing a walk-through pantry, its primary purpose of providing a convenient and safe passage cannot be compromised.

Typical is a pantry/mudroom that you pass through on your way from the kitchen to the garage or back door. In old houses, it is often a converted porch. Groceries can be unloaded just as soon as you wipe your feet, which is very handy. But, it is important that the main function of a mudroom be preserved. It needs space for stowing coats, boots and other outer wear, including a bench for putting on and taking off shoes.

Dual Pantries Solve Complex Storage Issues

Click to Enlarge

This kitchen was once much larger, but a previous owner had taken some space to create a first floor powder room under the stairs.

Click to Enlarge

To get enough pantry, a too-small breakfast nook was converted to pantry storage and coffee-bar. A second walk-past pantry was created by building-in a tall cabinet alongside the stairs leading to the basement. Space for this pantry was gotten by sealing 16" from the back of the powder room and relocating the toilet.

This design violates one of the cardinal rules of pantry perfection: The pantry and refrigerator should be near each other. We wanted to put the refrigerator in the new pantry, but the owner preferred to keep the existing large windows. His instructions were gently but firmly put as something like: "Leave the damn windows alone!" So, that was that.

But, the solution works; did not require major, and expensive, structural surgery; and gives the homeowners enough convenient food storage for two weeks.

Not every pantry design solution can be absolutely perfect, but an imperfect solution can still be made to work well with a little creativity.

Walk Aisles

A lot of valuable real estate in a walk-in or walk-through pantry is used for a walking rather than storage. The temptation is great to minimize aisle space to maximize storage space.

This is always a mistake.

The minimum walkway or aisle width should be 36". You'll see why the first time you truck in a bunch of groceries to unload. Narrow aisles make it a knee and elbow knocking affair.

In a walk-through pantry, 42" is the absolute minimum, 48" is better and 60" is absolutely the minimum for wheelchair access in universal design kitchens. A 48" aisle allows two people to pass each other without someone turning sideways. A 60" space permits a wheelchair to turn around — otherwise the user has to back out of the space — inconvenient at best and potentially dangerous. (For much more on passageway widths, see The 31 Kitchen Design Rules.)

Shelving

Deep shelves in a walk-in or walk-through pantry are no more useful than deep shelves in a reach-in pantry. The maximum depth of stationary (non-pull-out) storage shelves is 16" no matter where they are located, and 14" is better. Depths as narrow as 10" will work for general storage, and as little as 6" for cans and bottles.

If one wall of a walk-in pantry could be used for deeper shelves, resist the temptation or install roll-out baskets or bins. Shelving above eye level should be stepped back. The shelf just above eye level should be no deeper than 14" and the one above that just 12". The one above that 10", and so on. This step back allows you to better see what's on these upper shelves.

Shelving can be solid or open wire grid. Solid shelving eliminates risk of small items falling down between the grids, but reduces visibility. It also tends to accumulate dust and debris, and needs to be cleaned more often. Accordingly, the surface should be Melamine™ or some other very cleanable material.

Coated or stainless wire shelving does not collect dust and debris, which simply falls through to the floor. It does not work, however, for small items, like spice containers, that can fall through the grid. It's easy to clean. A little Windex® and a paper towel are all it takes. The drawback is that wire shelving often looks out of place in a period kitchen.

To get the look we want in Craftsman and Victorian kitchens, we often build our own shelves out of a wire that fits the period stretched on a wood frame. Woven wire cloth, for example, such as the venerable hardware cloth, has been around for over a century, and works for almost any historic period. We especially like open wire shelving for high shelves because you can see through the wire to get a better view of what's stored on the shelves.

Location, Location, Location

As important to convenience, functionality and efficiency as the careful design of a pantry is its location in relation to the other elements in the kitchen. A well-designed pantry put in the wrong place is less useful than a poorly-designed pantry in the right place and impairs the efficienty of the cook.

The very best designed and organized pantry is of only marginal use if it is not conveniently located. This means, according to Iron Rule 1, near where the stuff in the pantry is going to be used. This is usually the food preparation area of the kitchen. Ideally, a pantry should be placed within a few steps of the area where food is prepared. The general rule is not more than 48" (three steps), although this dimension is somewhat flexible.

Locating it reasonably close to the prep area is usually enough, and being flexible about location also makes it easier to take into account some other important factors affecting placement of other cabinets and appliances.

Refrigerator Placement

From a purely aesthetic point of view locating a tall pantry and refrigerator at opposite ends of the room is good design because the height and bulk of these two large features balance each other.

But, for ease of use it is usually better to place cold storage (refrigerator) fairly close to dry storage (pantry) so that multiple trips are not required to gather the ingredients for a meal.

Snack and Beverage Centers

In addition to being storage places, both the refrigerator and pantry are snack and beverage centers, especially in households with children. Access to between-meal snacks without entering the main part of the kitchen reduces kitchen traffic and possible interference with the meal preparation and clean-up processes.

If at all possible, the pantry and refrigerator should be located on the perimeter of the kitchen in a plce that can be reached without traversing the kitchen proper.

Landing Zones

Every pantry should include or be adjacent to a countertop-height landing zone. The landing zone is a place to set bags of groceries while they are being loaded into the pantry or a place to temporarily stash ingredients while they are geing unloaded.

The National Kitchen and Bath Association, which has developed guidelines for just about everything in a kitchen, does not have a guideline for the size of a pantry landing zone. For refrigerators it recommends a landing zone 15" wide on the handle side of the refrigerator or across from the refrigerator, but not more than 48" away. For more on the basic kitchen design guidelines, see The Thirty-One Kitchen Design Rules. These are also good rules for pantry landing zones.

Perfect Pantry Lighting

Very often overlooked, but extremely important, is pantry lighting. The ability to see what's in the pantry depends to a great extent on how well it is lit. This is especially true for reach-in pantries, which tend to be black holes without good lighting.

Adequately lighting a pantry can be a problem. The usual solution is the install a recessed light in the ceiling in front of the pantry and call it good. The usual solution doesn't work. The top few shelves are well lit, but the illumination decreases toward the floor until the bottom shelves require a spelunker helmet (or flashlight) to find anything.

The ideal lighting illuminates the contents of every shelf evenly. This is hard to do effectively. What we do, that works fairly well, is to install an LED light strip down the two front corners of the pantry cabinet. In this location they are out of sight, and, at 2.9 lumens per linear foot, the strips illuminate each shelf quite well. So the shelves don't pinch the lights, the front corners of the shelves are clipped. If more light is wanted, install them in the back corners as well — we have never found this to be necessary, however.

The "Can't Go Wrong" Rules for the Perfect Pantry

So, after considerable discussion we arrive at some specific rules for pantry design to supplement the "Iron Rules of Storage", that, if followed, will almost certainly result in the perfect pantry. f it's unavoidable, any of these rules can be bent or broken, but the further you stray from the rules, the less serviceable your pantry is likely to be.

Rule 1 - Pantry Location

Rule 2 - Pantry Shelves

Rule 3 - Pantry Walk Aisles

Rule 4 - Pantry Landing Areas

Rule 5 - Pantry Lighting

Getting More Kitchen Space

And, that should about do it. If you design your pantry according to these guidelines, it will work well for you. The next step is integrating your pantry into the rest of your new kitchen, and that's a whole other issue. But, if we can help, contact us to see what can be done.

Now, for a new problem: Many existing kitchens are just too small for everything you want to have in the kitchen: including a decent-sized pantry. Of course, you can add space by building an addition. Although appropriate in some cases, additions can be costly and not always feasible. For that reason, it pays to consider the less expensive alternatives. What you don't spend on structure, after all, you can invest in better cabinets, lights, counters, fixtures, flooring and appliances… (Continues)

References:

Rev. 05/11/18